Plantar Fasciitis
Condition 1
Due date.18 May, 2009 5 Jun, 2009 19 Jun, 2009
Hannah Howley
Plantar Fasciitis
• Description of the condition
Plantar Fasciitis is inflammation of the plantar fascia and surrounding myofascial structures. It is a condition of the foot which is very painful. The pain that is felt by PF is felt on the heel of the foot and is felt most severely with the first few steps of each day. Its main location, also known as the calcaneus, is the common location for the stimulation that causes the pain. It is generally caused by faulty biomechanics, bad footwear and heavy landings.
• Incidence
1 out of 10 American adults are presented with PF each year.
PF is most common in athletes, such as runners.
Equates for about 10% of runner-related injuries, and 11-15% of all foot symptoms requiring specialized care. It is considered to occur in 10% of the general population as well. It can also be present bilaterally in a third of cases
• Etiology
The etiology of this condition is not clearly understood and is probably multi-factorial in nature. Weight gain, occupation-related activity, anatomical variations, poor biomechanics, and poor footwear are contributing factors. PF is caused by too much wear to the plantar fascia (or aponuerosis) that supports the arch of the foot or by unusual posture that may influence structure. A lot of athletes suffer from this condition. "Both amateur and professional athletes are at a higher risk, and it is especially common among athletes who run and jump a lot. More young people are getting involved in sports at an early age and are therefore developing heel pain sooner than many other people who are not as active." (Franklin Kase, http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/16519.php) It occurs when the plantar aponeurosis is stressed over a period of time in which is beyond the ordinary which could lead to pain and inflammation and possibly bone spurs. PF can also be a result of an injury.
• Signs and Symptoms
Signs and symptoms for PF are limited but are gradual. It can often feel like a sharp pain in your heel and is more noticeable in the morning during your first few steps and can be triggered by long periods of time on your feet. Sometimes there may also be pain along the outside (lateral) border of the heel. This may occur due to offloading the painful side of the heel by walking on the outside border of the foot. It may also be associated with the high impact of landing on the outside of the heel if you have high arched feet.
• Indications for massage therapy
Acute phases of PF respond well to cyrotherapy (Ice) and rest. After the inflammation has gone, soft-tissue methods that address the connective tissue and sensible uses of stretching are valuable. Achilles tendon is highly irritable in this condition also as it attaches to the calcaneus as well so that has to be taken into account when massaging
• Contraindications for massage therapy
Not to be massaged if the foot has been aggravated or if it is inflamed due to overuse i.e. dancing. In the morning, it is bad for massage to occur because this is when the syndrome is most painful.
• Reference list
Marieb, E, N., Hoehn, K., (2007). Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7th Edition.
Sports Massage, retrieved June 5th, 2009 from http://www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/sports_massage/index.php
A client with PF
Franklin Kase, Athletes and Plantar Fasciitis (Heel Pain), Retrieved June 4th, 2009, from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/16519.php
Fritz,S (2009)., Mosby’s PDQ for Massage Therapists, 2nd Edition
Thursday, June 4, 2009
Wednesday, May 13, 2009
Research Methods
Assessment Task 1 - Blog 4 - Evaluation of Research Findings.
Hannah Howley.
Due 8th of May 2009 (With Extension)
Unravelling the mysteries of Unwinding.
As a reader, I was pleased with the fact that the article begun in a way in which ‘unwinds’ the title, for want of a better word. It was good to see the writer explain what unwinding meant so it was easier to understand the point of the article.
The first page shed some positive light upon Myofascial Release. It made it seem extremely interesting and worthy of a trial.
There is a large amount of unintentional ambiguity within the article 'Unravelling the Mysteries of Fascial Unwinding' which simply serves to confuse and frustrate the reader. This ambiguity reinforces the intuition that the writer may not entirely know about or understand the topic of which he is attempting to depict and explore. (T, Grinlinton) 2009. This made me very interested to read on with Tessa’s blog because it basically stated what I was thinking and I couldn’t have put it in a better way myself. The possibility of interpreting an expression in more than one way is perhaps not good enough in an article of such calibre i.e., the forcing of tissues.
The article touches upon emotional release but isn’t exceedingly comprehensive. If I didn’t know any better I would be worried that the session/treatment would make me break out in tears or laughter or some kind of emotion. It wasn’t very assuring.
On page 19 of the shorter version, it states that ‘scientific descriptions for the events (unwinding) are lacking’ doesn’t give much positive influence. It then could be viewed as a ‘half-arsed’ physical therapy with no proof which is definitely condescending to the average reader.
Also I would like to state that there were far too many foreign words at hand in the article, especially to the foreign eye. If the reader is inquisitive about such therapy it should really be as black and white as need be without so much ‘medical’ expressions. The article also got very in-depth and technical very quickly, sort of felt like I was rolling down a hill.
All that aside, the article was good and like I said before, shed some interesting light upon MFR and gave some good descriptive analysis‘s of hip, leg and neck unwinding.
References
Unravelling the mysteries of unwinding.
My Own thoughts.
Assessment Task 1 - Blog 4 - Evaluation of Research Findings.
Hannah Howley.
Due 8th of May 2009 (With Extension)
Unravelling the mysteries of Unwinding.
As a reader, I was pleased with the fact that the article begun in a way in which ‘unwinds’ the title, for want of a better word. It was good to see the writer explain what unwinding meant so it was easier to understand the point of the article.
The first page shed some positive light upon Myofascial Release. It made it seem extremely interesting and worthy of a trial.
There is a large amount of unintentional ambiguity within the article 'Unravelling the Mysteries of Fascial Unwinding' which simply serves to confuse and frustrate the reader. This ambiguity reinforces the intuition that the writer may not entirely know about or understand the topic of which he is attempting to depict and explore. (T, Grinlinton) 2009. This made me very interested to read on with Tessa’s blog because it basically stated what I was thinking and I couldn’t have put it in a better way myself. The possibility of interpreting an expression in more than one way is perhaps not good enough in an article of such calibre i.e., the forcing of tissues.
The article touches upon emotional release but isn’t exceedingly comprehensive. If I didn’t know any better I would be worried that the session/treatment would make me break out in tears or laughter or some kind of emotion. It wasn’t very assuring.
On page 19 of the shorter version, it states that ‘scientific descriptions for the events (unwinding) are lacking’ doesn’t give much positive influence. It then could be viewed as a ‘half-arsed’ physical therapy with no proof which is definitely condescending to the average reader.
Also I would like to state that there were far too many foreign words at hand in the article, especially to the foreign eye. If the reader is inquisitive about such therapy it should really be as black and white as need be without so much ‘medical’ expressions. The article also got very in-depth and technical very quickly, sort of felt like I was rolling down a hill.
All that aside, the article was good and like I said before, shed some interesting light upon MFR and gave some good descriptive analysis‘s of hip, leg and neck unwinding.
References
Unravelling the mysteries of unwinding.
My Own thoughts.
Wednesday, May 6, 2009
Research methods
Assessment Task 1 - Blog 3 - Reflection of my research process.
Hannah Howley
Due Date - May 08 2009
During the past few months I have been doing a lot more in depth research and analysis than I would normally be doing. The territory in which I have been entering is very foreign and intense and it has been very hard to get amongst it with ease. It has been quite a struggle with APA referencing and locating information that is of good quality. Although I enjoy using wikipedia, it is hard to use it for everything I need to find with out having things repeated. I find it quite hard to collate a lot of the information that I am finding with having to reference everything I write.
However, I have learnt a few good ways of interpreting and understanding a research related question.
It is important to be able to break down the question into smaller parts and research it with a more narrowed down approach, trying to locate the qualitative aspect of the question and the quantitative aspect.
With regards to our collaborative research assignment we are working on at the moment, our question ( Felicity, you will no) is to do with chronic pain and massage. As of late I have been researching about chronic pain itself and how it comes about and the influences of it. This has helped me understand my question a lot more and brings me to my point of breaking down the question to find an easier approach of researching it.
I have also learnt that with researching, brainstorming ideas of your own help to make the question more comprehensive and you get a better understanding of what you are looking for and what you will find.
All and all, it is a very interesting process and takes a lot more time to get the quality information that you need to create a believable product.
Hannah Howley
Due Date - May 08 2009
During the past few months I have been doing a lot more in depth research and analysis than I would normally be doing. The territory in which I have been entering is very foreign and intense and it has been very hard to get amongst it with ease. It has been quite a struggle with APA referencing and locating information that is of good quality. Although I enjoy using wikipedia, it is hard to use it for everything I need to find with out having things repeated. I find it quite hard to collate a lot of the information that I am finding with having to reference everything I write.
However, I have learnt a few good ways of interpreting and understanding a research related question.
It is important to be able to break down the question into smaller parts and research it with a more narrowed down approach, trying to locate the qualitative aspect of the question and the quantitative aspect.
With regards to our collaborative research assignment we are working on at the moment, our question ( Felicity, you will no) is to do with chronic pain and massage. As of late I have been researching about chronic pain itself and how it comes about and the influences of it. This has helped me understand my question a lot more and brings me to my point of breaking down the question to find an easier approach of researching it.
I have also learnt that with researching, brainstorming ideas of your own help to make the question more comprehensive and you get a better understanding of what you are looking for and what you will find.
All and all, it is a very interesting process and takes a lot more time to get the quality information that you need to create a believable product.
Tuesday, March 31, 2009
Asessment 1 Task 2
Information Quality
Hannah Howley
Describe how information from different sources may vary in quality, and how to differentiate good quality from poor quality.
It is important to focus on the quality of information the researcher is searching for. The reseacrcher must take into consideration the type of info, the legitimacy of it, relevance and accuracy. The two types of information we as researchers look at is qualitative (meaning quality) and quantitative (as in how much/many).
The general elements of information quality as found in Wang & Strong (1996)
Intrinsic
Contextual
Representational
Accessibility
Interpretability
All of the above terms are used to describe the type on information the researcher is searching for, like I said before, legitimacy, relevance, accuracy, accessibility and interpretability.
Different sources of information may vary from the way that different audiences may be targeted, rather than just a general group of people. It is important to see the relevance in the information you are finding. It definitely has to be useful and it also has to be at a level in which you are prepared to read it in.
Differentiating good quality from poor quality; basically, good information is accurate, it has an objective, it is timely/current and has authority. To produce good quality information you have to be able to have good skill in the data and use the information relevant to the paper. (Golofshani, 2003)
References
How to evaluate information. Ballard, Spahr, Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP. Date of publication 3/6/1997 Retrieved from http://www.virtualchase.com/quality/checklist.html
Information Quality. Date of publication 16/3/2009. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_quality
Hannah Howley
Describe how information from different sources may vary in quality, and how to differentiate good quality from poor quality.
It is important to focus on the quality of information the researcher is searching for. The reseacrcher must take into consideration the type of info, the legitimacy of it, relevance and accuracy. The two types of information we as researchers look at is qualitative (meaning quality) and quantitative (as in how much/many).
The general elements of information quality as found in Wang & Strong (1996)
Intrinsic
Contextual
Representational
Accessibility
Interpretability
All of the above terms are used to describe the type on information the researcher is searching for, like I said before, legitimacy, relevance, accuracy, accessibility and interpretability.
Different sources of information may vary from the way that different audiences may be targeted, rather than just a general group of people. It is important to see the relevance in the information you are finding. It definitely has to be useful and it also has to be at a level in which you are prepared to read it in.
Differentiating good quality from poor quality; basically, good information is accurate, it has an objective, it is timely/current and has authority. To produce good quality information you have to be able to have good skill in the data and use the information relevant to the paper. (Golofshani, 2003)
References
How to evaluate information. Ballard, Spahr, Andrews & Ingersoll, LLP. Date of publication 3/6/1997 Retrieved from http://www.virtualchase.com/quality/checklist.html
Information Quality. Date of publication 16/3/2009. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_quality
Monday, March 30, 2009
Pathology - Tennis Elbow
Pathology
Tennis Elbow
Tennis Elbow is a common condition of the elbow where it becomes tender and sore on the outer aspect of it. It can happen to anybody but is basically associated with tennis players.
This sports condition is also known as lateral epicondylitis
Etiology: This is what know as the cause if the disease.The most common cause of tennis elbow (lateral elbow pain) is the repetitive nature that comes with the sport of tennis; ie constantly hitting the ball with force which can therefore lead to tears in the tendons, ligaments and muscles surrounding the elbow joint, but mainly the tendon which attaches to the forearm. Basically you can call tennis elbow a case of overuse syndrome. The main age group of people who suffer from Tennis Elbow are those between their 30's and 60's. Age does have a inputting factor although gender does not.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_elbow (31/3/09)
Pathogenesis:This step by step development of the disease and chain of events leading up to it. It is developed over a long period of time and is known to be the tears in the tendons that cause the pain. Pain is also felt in the wrist from gripping to tightly or not properly. The extensor carpis radialis brevis has been implicated in this case as the fore arm flexors and extensors jerk in movement to cause undesireable force/use on the tendon.
Morphology: the fundamental structure or form of tissues and cells. anatomical changes that occur during the disease/condition.
This would be the tears in the tendons that was stated on wikipedia which I referenced before. Also, weakness in the surrounding muscles may be present from having to over compensate.
Histological: the changes to the ground substance and intracellular fluid etc.
Histological analysis shows that the hyalin is degenerated and fibrosis is present.
retrieved from http://lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:240291 (31/3/09)
Epidemiology: study of the factors contributing to the disease or injury . number of cases over time. incidence;number of new cases and prevalence; number of people who have it
Incidence and Prevalance;
Lateral elbow pain(tennis elbow/lateral epicondylitis) is common (population prevalence 1–3%),with peak incidence occurring between the age of 40–50. In women aged 42–46 , incidence increases to 10%.In the UK, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia the incidence of lateral elbow pain in general practice is 4–7/1000 people a year.
Retrieved From http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/msd/1117 /1117_background.jsp (31/3/09)
Tennis Elbow
Tennis Elbow is a common condition of the elbow where it becomes tender and sore on the outer aspect of it. It can happen to anybody but is basically associated with tennis players.
This sports condition is also known as lateral epicondylitis
Etiology: This is what know as the cause if the disease.The most common cause of tennis elbow (lateral elbow pain) is the repetitive nature that comes with the sport of tennis; ie constantly hitting the ball with force which can therefore lead to tears in the tendons, ligaments and muscles surrounding the elbow joint, but mainly the tendon which attaches to the forearm. Basically you can call tennis elbow a case of overuse syndrome. The main age group of people who suffer from Tennis Elbow are those between their 30's and 60's. Age does have a inputting factor although gender does not.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_elbow (31/3/09)
Pathogenesis:This step by step development of the disease and chain of events leading up to it. It is developed over a long period of time and is known to be the tears in the tendons that cause the pain. Pain is also felt in the wrist from gripping to tightly or not properly. The extensor carpis radialis brevis has been implicated in this case as the fore arm flexors and extensors jerk in movement to cause undesireable force/use on the tendon.
Morphology: the fundamental structure or form of tissues and cells. anatomical changes that occur during the disease/condition.
This would be the tears in the tendons that was stated on wikipedia which I referenced before. Also, weakness in the surrounding muscles may be present from having to over compensate.
Histological: the changes to the ground substance and intracellular fluid etc.
Histological analysis shows that the hyalin is degenerated and fibrosis is present.
retrieved from http://lib.bioinfo.pl/meid:240291 (31/3/09)
Epidemiology: study of the factors contributing to the disease or injury . number of cases over time. incidence;number of new cases and prevalence; number of people who have it
Incidence and Prevalance;
Lateral elbow pain(tennis elbow/lateral epicondylitis) is common (population prevalence 1–3%),with peak incidence occurring between the age of 40–50. In women aged 42–46 , incidence increases to 10%.In the UK, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia the incidence of lateral elbow pain in general practice is 4–7/1000 people a year.
Retrieved From http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/ceweb/conditions/msd/1117 /1117_background.jsp (31/3/09)
Friday, March 13, 2009
The research Process
With regards to massage therapy, researching involves a variety of different things. We are always finding out new things, investigating techniques and ideas and looking into and understanding theories.
We begin research with an idea. We begin with brainstorming to try and establish a question that corresponds with the idea. We have to see if anybody else has come up with the same question and see what they have said about it. This is called a literature review and/or theoretical framework. We must always be searching for the truth. The next step that goes with the researching process is methodology, here we are trying to seek how we are going to collect information and/or data on the theory at hand and see if the information we are going to find is valid and relevant. They (methods) are used for collecting info on your question. Some of these methods are; interviews, group discussions and perhaps questionnaires and from there it is about building interpretations. We have to make sure that when we are conducting investigations and searches that we are doing it in an ethically correct manner.
Next I am going to talk about implications of research. It is important to keep the information valid and interpreted in its original state.
By having structure to attain information at any level, ethically, research is a very powerful technique in which is very valuable to anyone including massage therapists.
We begin research with an idea. We begin with brainstorming to try and establish a question that corresponds with the idea. We have to see if anybody else has come up with the same question and see what they have said about it. This is called a literature review and/or theoretical framework. We must always be searching for the truth. The next step that goes with the researching process is methodology, here we are trying to seek how we are going to collect information and/or data on the theory at hand and see if the information we are going to find is valid and relevant. They (methods) are used for collecting info on your question. Some of these methods are; interviews, group discussions and perhaps questionnaires and from there it is about building interpretations. We have to make sure that when we are conducting investigations and searches that we are doing it in an ethically correct manner.
Next I am going to talk about implications of research. It is important to keep the information valid and interpreted in its original state.
By having structure to attain information at any level, ethically, research is a very powerful technique in which is very valuable to anyone including massage therapists.
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